Yav Tom Ntej Txoj Kev Txhim Kho Ntawm Lub Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Technology Thiab Cov Khoom Siv

Electric tsheb technology roadmap

Cov tsheb hluav taws xob yog cov tsheb uas feem ntau siv cov roj teeb ua lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tau tsav tag nrho lossis ib feem los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Lawv yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis uas muaj ntau yam kev qhuab qhia xws li mechanics, electronics, hluav taws xob, thiab microcomputer tswj. Raws li cov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab cov qauv kev tsav tsheb, cov tsheb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: hybrid electric tsheb, ntshiab hluav taws xob tsheb thiab roj hluav taws xob tsheb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho daim ntawv thov, kev faib cov tsheb hluav taws xob kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv tshiab. Piv txwv li, plug-in hluav taws xob tsheb ua ib ceg yog maj mam nthuav lawv lub hwj chim thiab yuav sai sai no los ua ib tug tseem ceeb lub zog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb loj hlob.

1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

Nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, vim cov thev naus laus zis tseem paub tab thiab pom tseeb lub zog txuag thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, hybrid hluav taws xob tsheb tau tsim sai heev thiab, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cai nyiam hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tau maj mam nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev lag luam nce qib thiab daim ntawv thov. . Japanese hybrid electric tsheb qauv, sawv cev los ntawm Prius thiab Civic, muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua lag luam thiab tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov tuam txhab tsheb loj European thiab Asmeskas tseem tau tsim cov tsheb hybrid nrog lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Tus qauv Japanese-dominated yog tawg. Nws yog qhov pom tau tias hybrid hluav taws xob tsheb yuav maj mam dhau los ua lub ntsiab ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb loj hauv 2 txog 3 xyoos. Cov qauv sib tw.

Hybrid electric tsheb feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov tsheb uas ntxiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub roj teeb hluav taws xob rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv hluav taws xob, thiab lub kaw lus ua haujlwm sib npaug, sib txuas, lub zog rov tsim dua thiab khaws cia thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Nyob ntawm seb qhov degree ntawm electromechanical coupling, tswj lub tswv yim thiab txoj kev tsheb thauj neeg mob, tus nqi txuag roj li ntawm 10% mus rau 40%.

2. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Plug-in electric tsheb tseem hu ua externally rechargeable hybrid electric tsheb. Lub tsheb them cov roj teeb hluav taws xob uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov system los ntawm kev txuas mus rau tsev neeg lub zog hluav taws xob (110V / 220V) lossis lub zog siab zog (380V / 500V). Tom qab them nyiaj, nws tuaj yeem tsuas yog lub roj teeb uas siv hluav taws xob siv los tsav lub tsheb hluav taws xob hauv hom hluav taws xob ntshiab. Tom qab siv lub zog ntxiv ntawm cov roj teeb uas siv tau, lub tsheb tuaj yeem pib lub cav sib xyaw thiab tsav hauv kev sib txuas lossis series hybrid hom. PHEV paub qhov tseeb roj av-hluav taws xob hybrid, uas tuaj yeem "refueled" lossis "charged". Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav xoom-emission tsav tsheb nrog lub sijhawm ntev dua thiab huv dua li cov pa hluav taws xob hybrid.

PHEV coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov zoo ntawm lub tsheb fais fab thiab cov pa HEV. Nws yog lub tsheb huv, txuag hluav taws xob thiab siv tau yooj yim uas ua tau nyob rau theem no. Nws yog kev hloov pauv kev daws teeb meem los ntawm HEV rau BEV. Lub ntsiab lus pib rau plug-in hybrid tsheb yog tsav hauv hom hluav taws xob ntshiab.

3. Hluav taws xob tsheb (EV luv luv)

Lub tsheb fais fab tseem hu ua Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV). Nws lub zog hluav taws xob feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws tau txais lub zog los ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob (lossis hloov lub roj teeb) thiab muab lub zog hluav taws xob rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Tsav tsheb.

Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov tsheb fais fab yog: xoom emissions, tsis tshua muaj kev vibration thiab suab nrov, kev siv hluav taws xob siab, thiab muaj peev xwm siv pheej yig "off-peak fais fab" los ntawm daim phiaj fais fab rau them thaum hmo ntuj, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm hauv smoothing lub ncov. thiab hav sib txawv hauv daim phiaj fais fab. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsheb fais fab tseem ceeb: ua ntej, tus nqi sib raug zoo ntawm kev nqis peev hauv kev them nqi hluav taws xob yog siab, thiab qhov nrov ntawm cov chaw them nqi yuav tsum muaj kev nqis peev loj hauv zej zog; Thib ob, kev tsav tsheb luv luv, lub roj teeb hluav taws xob yog kim, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb thiab lub neej yuav tsum tau txhim kho.

Tam sim no, cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab tau raug tshaj tawm kev lag luam thiab siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv, Europe thiab lwm lub tebchaws thiab cheeb tsam, tsom mus rau cov tsheb tshwj xeeb hauv nroog ( tsheb thauj mus los, tsheb thauj neeg mob, thiab lwm yam), cov tsheb thauj mus los, cov tsheb thauj neeg. tsheb thiab Private tsheb thiab lwm yam teb. Tam sim no, Fabkis nyob rau sab saum toj hauv ntiaj teb hais txog kev muaj koob meej thiab kev ua tswv cuab ntawm cov tsheb fais fab.

Technically, niaj hnub tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab qhia cov qauv hauv qab no: kev siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv txhim kho, thiab cov txiaj ntsig txuag hluav taws xob tseem ceeb; high-performance lithium-ion roj teeb thiab cov roj teeb nickel-hydrogen hloov cov roj teeb txhuas-acid; Kev sib xyaw ua ke hluav taws xob zoo hloov cov tsoos DC motors; Kev siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb tag nrho; daim ntawv thov ntawm network systems tau txhawb cov modularization thiab txawj ntse ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb; Lub teeb yuag thev naus laus zis thiab hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb tshuab tau siv System.

Txij li xyoo 2009, Tuam Tshoj tau teeb tsa kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab. Los ntawm cov ntshiab hluav taws xob mini tsheb mus rau ntshiab hluav taws xob sedans, ntshiab hluav taws xob tsheb npav thiab ntshiab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tsheb, cov khoom prototypes tau launched ib tug tom qab lwm. Cov tuam txhab tsheb ib txwm tau npaj los hloov pauv. Lub tsheb hluav taws xob, cov tuam txhab pib qhov chaw thiab txawm tias lwm lub tuam txhab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam tsheb feem ntau nqis peev kaum lossis ntau pua lab nyiaj yuan, thiab kev ua qauv qhia ntawm lub tsheb fais fab tau dav siv nyob rau ntau qhov chaw. Kev lag luam ntawm cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab tau ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav hauv Suav teb.

4. Fuel Cell Electrical Vehicle (FCEV)

Lub tsheb hluav taws xob roj hluav taws xob yog lub tsheb uas siv hydrogen thiab oxygen hauv huab cua los tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv cov roj hluav taws xob hauv qab kev ua ntawm cov catalyst thiab ua lub zog tseem ceeb los tsav lub tsheb. Nws lub zog hluav taws xob feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob roj, lub tank roj (lub raj mis hydrogen), lub tshuab hluav taws xob / lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub roj teeb hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Nws siv roj hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ua lub zog loj thiab tsav tsheb los ntawm lub cev muaj zog. .

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsheb: lub zog hloov hluav taws xob siab. Lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov roj hlwb tuaj yeem siab li 60% mus rau 80%, uas yog 2 mus rau 3 npaug ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv; xoom emissions thiab tsis muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig. Cov roj ntawm cov roj cell yog hydrogen thiab oxygen, thiab cov khoom yog dej huv; hydrogen roj los ntawm ntau qhov chaw thiab tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab thiab tsis cia siab rau cov roj av.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim qauv ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob tsheb yog tam sim no ua los ntawm kev lag luam, kev kawm thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tsoomfwv, thiab kev koom tes hla tebchaws tau ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb. Kev siv cov phiaj xwm tshawb fawb loj hauv tebchaws thiab kev koom tes R & D cov haujlwm tau txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj hlwb thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov roj cell tsheb. Tsis ntev los no, cov tsheb tshiab tau tsim tawm hauv lub ntiaj teb tau pom tias muaj kev ua tau zoo heev thiab tau ua tiav zoo hauv kev cia siab rau tsheb, kev tswj hwm tus nqi thiab lwm yam.