Dab tsi yog Kev faib tawm ntawm Lub Zog Tshiab Lithium Roj Teeb Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam

Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, cov roj teeb lithium muaj qhov sib luag thiab ntau -dimensional technical classification system, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi- kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv siv xws li cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau lub zog tshiab thiab lub zog cia chaw nres tsheb. Raws li peb qhov tseem ceeb -cov ntaub ntawv cathode, cov qauv ntawm lub cev, thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios- daim ntawv no tau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov roj teeb lithium, suav nrog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv xyoo 2025, thiab thaum kawg tsim ib qho hauv {{6}0.4} qhov tob ntawm cov lus, kwv yees li 2.

The cathode material is the "heart" of a lithium battery, directly determining its energy density, safety threshold, and cost structure. Ntawm cov kev qhia tseem ceeb tam sim no, ternary lithium roj teeb siv nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) lossis npib tsib xee-cobalt-aluminium (NCA) ua cathodes. Nrog lub zog siab ceev ntawm 300-400 Wh / kg, lawv tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau kev tsav tsheb ntev hauv cov tsheb tshiab. Lub 21700 cylindrical roj teeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv Tesla Model 3 txais yuav NCA system, uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau ntau tshaj 80% ntawm lawv lub peev xwm txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm -20℃. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov thermal stability shortcomings yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa kev tswj xyuas thermal. CATL's Qilin Battery txhim kho electrode interface stability los ntawm nano{18}}riveting technology, tsa lub thermal runaway ua rau kub tshaj 200℃. Meanwhile, nws high-voltage platform tsim tsub kom lub cell voltage rau 4.35V, ntxiv tapping rau hauv lub peev xwm rau siab zog ceev. Lithium hlau phosphate (LFP) roj teeb tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb moat nrog thermal decomposition kub tshaj 600 degree. BYD's Hniav Roj teeb txhim kho lub zog ntim rau 180 Wh / L los ntawm kev tsim qauv tiaj tus thiab ua tiav lub neej voj voog ntau dua 5,000 zaug, paub txog kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm tus nqi thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv A00-chav ua qauv xws li Wuling Hongguang MINI EV.

Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) roj teeb ib zaug ua tus thawj coj ntawm 3C cov lag luam digital. Lawv cov 3.7V siab-voltage platform thiab cov qauv siv lead ua ntom ntom ua kom lub cev lub cev hnyav thiab lub cev nyhav, tab sis qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov peev txheej cobalt ua rau cov nqi siab -cov cobalt thoob ntiaj teb tsuas yog 7.1 lab tons, nrog 60% concentrated nyob rau hauv Democratic Republic of the Congo. Geopolitical txaus ntshai yog tsav kev lag luam mus rau cobalt- hloov pauv dawb. Lithium manganese oxide (LMO) roj teeb nyob hauv ib qho chaw hauv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ua tsaug rau lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo heev. Hitachi's MAX radial roj teeb ua tiav qhov muaj peev xwm tawm mus tas li ntawm 30C los ntawm 3D conductive network tsim, ua tau raws li qhov siab - lub zog xav tau ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li kev xyaum hluav taws xob. Qhov tseem ceeb, muaj kev loj hlob mus rau kev sib xyaw cathode technologies. Piv txwv li, CATL's AB Battery hybrid- pob khoom ternary thiab LFP cov hlwb, thiab siv cov kev tswj xyuas thermal kom "ua kom muaj zog rau ib leeg": ternary cells dominate tso tawm hauv qis-kub qhov xwm txheej, thaum LFP hlwb coj mus rau hauv siab - ob qho tib si kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Lub cev qauv tsim ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw siv thiab kev tsim khoom. Cov roj teeb cylindrical muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim qauv- qauv 18650 muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 18mm, qhov siab ntawm 65mm, thiab ib qho -cell muaj peev xwm kwv yees li 3.5Ah. Tesla's 4680 loj cylindrical roj teeb nce txoj kab uas hla mus rau 46mm thiab qhov siab mus rau 80mm, boosting ib leeg -cell muaj peev xwm mus rau 25Ah. Nws kuj tseem siv cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau los txo cov kev tiv thaiv sab hauv, txhawb nqa 4C them ceev ceev. Cov roj teeb prismatic feature qhov ntev customized kom haum rau qhov chaw ntaus ntawv. Lub Hniav Roj Teeb nruab rau hauv BYD Han EV txais yuav lub tiaj tus prismatic tsim nrog qhov ntev ntawm 914 × 118 × 13.5mm (ntev × dav × qhov siab). Los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes-rau- pob (CTP) thev naus laus zis yam tsis muaj cov qauv, nws ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ua tau zoo rau 60%, kev txhim kho 20% piv rau cov roj teeb prismatic. Lub hnab ntim cov roj teeb ua tau zoo dua qub thiab lub teeb ci los ntawm txhuas- ntim zaj duab xis yas. Lub hnab roj teeb muab los ntawm Samsung SDI rau Apple iPhone 15 muaj qhov tuab ntawm 2.5 hli nkaus xwb thiab lub zog ceev ntawm 350 Wh / L. Lub caij no, lawv cov kev tsim kho siab tiv thaiv o thiab tawg txaus ntshai, ua kom yooj yim khoov hauv cov khoom siv hnav.

Cov kev xav tau sib txawv hauv daim ntawv thov scenarios tau ua rau peb - theem kev faib tawm. The consumer-grade market pursues a balance between volumetric energy density and cost-pouch ternary batteries account for over 70% of the smartphone market. OPPO Nrhiav X8 ua tiav ob qho tib si 65W them ceev ceev thiab 8.5mm lub cev tuab los ntawm kev tsim dual - xovtooj ntawm tes. Lub hwj chim{11}} qib kev lag luam tsom rau lub zog siab ceev thiab kev nyab xeeb siab. Lub 150kWh ib nrab-khoom{15}} lub xeev roj teeb nruab rau hauv NIO ET7 siv hauv-situ polymerized electrolytes, xa lub zog ceev ntawm 360 Wh / kg thiab txhawb kev tsav tsheb 1,000km. Nws kuj tseem txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm thermal khiav tawm mus rau 30 feeb los ntawm nano- nplai cais txheej txheej. Lub zog cia- qib kev lag luam qhia txog lub neej voj voog thiab tus nqi qis. Sungrow lub tsev cia khoom siv hluav taws xob siv LFP roj teeb nrog lub neej voj voog ntau dua 10,000 zaug thiab tus nqi khaws cia (LCOS) txo mus rau 0.3 CNY / kWh, ua rau nws tus kheej - txaus rau kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev thaum ua ke nrog cov tshuab photovoltaic.

Ntawm cov niche kev faib tawm, cov khoom siv - lub xeev lithium roj teeb sawv cev rau - tiam tom ntej thev naus laus zis. Los ntawm kev hloov cov kua electrolytes nrog cov khoom siv electrolytes, lawv tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau thiab combustion. Toyota npaj yuav loj- tsim cov khoom siv{5}} lub xeev cov roj teeb hauv xyoo 2027, uas yuav ua tiav lub zog ceev ntawm ntau dua 500 Wh / kg thiab luv lub sijhawm them rau 10 feeb. Cov roj teeb lithium tseem ceeb, xws li lithium{10}} roj teeb manganese, txuas ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov ntsuas ntsuas ntse thiab cov pa taws ceeb toom vim lawv qhov hluav taws xob 3.0V siab thiab 10-xyoo lub neej khaws cia, nrog kev xa khoom txhua xyoo ntau tshaj 1 billion units. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm electrolyte innovation, lub lithium ntsev LiFSI tshiab, nrog nws cov high conductivity thiab thermal stability, hloov cov tsoos LiPF6 nyob rau hauv 4680 roj teeb, expanding lub khiav hauj lwm kub ntau yam rau -20℃mus rau 60 degree.

Txoj kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis nthuav tawm peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: ua ntej, lub zog tshwj xeeb siab - tawg los ntawm 400 Wh / kg lub zog ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv xws li silicon -carbon anodes thiab lithium- nplua nuj manganese-raws li cathodes; thib ob, kev txawj ntse- roj teeb tswj tshuab (BMS) paub txog millisecond- theem kev ua txhaum thaum ntxov los ntawm AI algorithms, piv txwv li, CATL's BMS 3.0 tuaj yeem kwv yees cov teeb meem roj teeb hauv 30 hnub; thib peb, greenization-recycling technologies xws li hydrometallurgical regeneration ntawm LFP roj teeb nce lithium rov qab tus nqi mus rau 95% thiab cobalt rov qab tus nqi mus rau 98%, ua ib lub voj kaw ntawm "tsim-tsim{13}}recycling".

Raws li cov qauv kev lag luam, Tuam Tshoj suav rau 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb lithium roj teeb tsim muaj peev xwm. CATL tau ranked thawj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim roj teeb nruab muaj peev xwm rau tsib xyoos sib law liag, nrog ib tug ua lag luam feem ntawm 37% nyob rau hauv 2024. Teb chaws Europe yog txhawb lub zos ntau lawm los ntawm lub roj teeb Regulation, thiab Northvolt lub Swedish Hoobkas tau ua tiav 80% cov khoom siv hauv zos. US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) ties roj teeb nyiaj pab rau cov khoom lag luam hauv zos. Tesla's Texas Gigafactory tau qhia txog 4680 roj teeb cov kab ntau lawm, txhawm rau txo cov nqi tsheb los ntawm 14%.

Cov kev sib tw thiab cov cib fim sib koom ua ke. Kev nyab xeeb tseem yog qhov mob tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam- muaj 12 lub tsheb hluav taws xob tshiab hluav taws kub sib tsoo thoob ntiaj teb xyoo 2024, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov xov tooj cua thermal khiav tawm. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev tsim qauv kev nyab xeeb xws li airgel thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov lus qhia tso pa tawm, nrog rau cov kev ceeb toom ntxov ntxov raws li cov ntaub ntawv loj. Hais txog tus nqi, lithium tus nqi hloov pauv ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov saw hlau. Xyoo 2025, cov nqi lithium carbonate tau khaws cia ntawm 150,000-200,000 CNY / ton, 60% poob los ntawm 2022 ncov, tab sis cov nqi cobalt thiab nickel tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm geopolitics.

Hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, lithium roj teeb thev naus laus zis yuav sib koom ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev lag luam ncig. Kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob- lub xeev cov roj teeb yuav hais txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab lub zog ntom ntom; AI- tsav BMS yuav paub txog lub neej tag nrho- kev tswj hwm lub roj teeb; thiab mature recycling technologies yuav tsim ib tug ntsuab industrial saw. Los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev mus ncig ntawm lub hnub qub, cov roj teeb lithium yuav txuas ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hloov pauv, tsav tib neeg lub neej mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej.